Rounding Bottom
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The Rounding Bottom is a long-term reversal pattern best suited for weekly charts. It is also referred to as a saucer bottom. The chart pattern represents a long consolidation period that turns from a bearish to a bullish bias.
Prior Trend. For a reversal pattern to exist, there must be a prior trend to reverse. Ideally, the low of a rounding bottom will mark a new low or reaction low. In practice, there are occasions when the low is recorded many months earlier, and the security trades flat before forming the pattern. When the rounding bottom finally forms, its low may not be the lowest low of the last few months.
Decline. The first portion of the rounding bottom is the decline that leads to the pattern's low. This decline can take on different forms: some are quite jagged, with several reaction highs and lows, while others trade lower in a more linear fashion.
Low. The low of the rounding bottom can resemble a “V” bottom but shouldn't be too sharp. It should also take a few weeks to form. Because prices are in a long-term decline, the possibility of a selling climax exists that could create a lower spike.
Advance. The advance off the lows forms the right half of the pattern and should take about the same amount of time as the prior decline. If the advance is too sharp, a rounding bottom's validity may be questioned.
Breakout. Bullish confirmation comes when the pattern breaks above the reaction high (the beginning of the decline at the start of the pattern). As with most breakouts, this level can become . However, rounding bottoms represent a long-term reversal, and this new support level may not be that significant.
Volume. In an ideal pattern, volume levels will track the shape of the rounding bottom: high at the beginning of the decline, low at the end of the decline, and rising during the advance. Volume levels are not too important during the decline, but there should be an increase in volume on the advance and preferably on the breakout.
AMGN provides an example of a rounding bottom that formed after a long consolidation period. Throughout 1996, the stock traded in a tight range bound by $16.63 and $12.83. The trading range continued for the first half of 1997, and the stock broke support by falling to a low of $12 in August.
Prior Trend. With the break of support at 12.83, it appeared that a downtrend had begun. Even though the decline was not that sharp, the new reaction low represented a 52-week low. AMGN was not in an uptrend.
Advance. From the second low at 11.66, the advance began in earnest and volume started to increase. In March, there was a large advance with the highest volume in 4 months (green arrow).
After breaking resistance, there was a test of support and the stock actually fell back below 17. The stock had advanced from 11.66 to 19.84 in 6 months and some sort of pullback could have been expected.
A rounding bottom could be thought of as a without the identifiable shoulders. The head represents the low and is fairly central to the pattern. The volume levels throughout the pattern mimic those of the head and shoulders bottom; confirmation comes with a resistance breakout. While symmetry is preferable on the rounding bottom, the left and right sides don't have to be equal in time or slope. It's important to capture the essence of the pattern.
Decline. The stock declined from 17 to a low of 11.22 and a pair of formed in October 1998 to mark the end of the decline (red arrow).
Low. Prior to the hammers, the stock traded around 12 for the previous 6 weeks. When the with high volume followed the hammers, it appeared that a low had been formed. After a short rally, there was another test of the low, and a higher low formed at 11.66.
May 1997 resistance at 17 represented the confirmation line for the pattern. The stock broke resistance in Jul-98 with a further expansion of volume. This breakout was also confirmed with a new high in .
